Black and white photo of a woman and man sitting beside one another in front of a canvas tent.

ONLINE EXHIBIT:

The James Bay Treaty (Treaty no. 9)

The James Bay Treaty (Treaty no. 9) is a treaty between the Crown (Canada and Ontario) and Indigenous Nations, including the Anishinaabe and Omushkegowuk peoples.

Its history and legacy are not fully captured by the signed treaty document alone.

Our original exhibit about Treaty no. 9 was launched in 2017. It is currently being redeveloped for our new website.

Access an archived version of the original exhibit at archive-it.org.

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In this Exhibit

Exhibit gallery

Resources

RG 10/R216 – Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development fonds (includes diary of Samuel Stewart, journal of Duncan Campbell Scott, photographs of the signing trips, various Red Series files, including Treaty no. 9 – James Bay Agency survey of Treaty no. 9 […] and Treaty no. 9 the James Bay Treaty – reports, correspondence, memorandum, Order in Council, correspondence, reports, and clippings related to Adhesions to Treaty no. 9, and treaty paylists)
MG30-D6 – Edmund Montague Morris fonds

BC Treaty Commission, Six stages of treaty negotiations process.
Mushkegowuk Council, Sharing the Land: A Mushkegowuk Treaty Awareness Initiative.
Mushkegowuk Council, Treaty 9 Diaries: The Real Agreement Between First Nations and the Crown in 1905.
Ontario Ministry of Indigenous Affairs, Map of Ontario treaties and reserves, 2018.
University of Winnipeg Centre for Rupert’s Land Studies, Omushkego Oral History Project: Our Voices.
Janet Armstrong with special assistance of Elder Louis Bird, Towards a NAN Worldview of Treaty, 2005.

Donald J. Auger and Emily Jane Faries, The History of Education in Nishnawbe Aski Nation, 2005.
Canada’s History, Treaties and the Treaty Relationship, 2018. (Available through the Archives of Ontario Library Collection)
David Calverley, “The Impact of Hudson’s Bay Company on the Creation of Treaty Number Nine”, Ontario History, vol. 98, issue 1 (2006): 30-51. (Available through the Archives of Ontario Library Collection)
David Calverley, “The Dispossession of the Northern Ojibwa and Cree: The Case of the Chapleau Game Preserve”, Ontario History, vol. 101, issue 1 (2009): 83-103. (Available through the Archives of Ontario Library Collection)
David Calverley, Who Controls the Hunt: First Nations, Treaty Rights, and Wildlife Conservation in Ontario, 1783-1939 (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2018).
Anthony J. Hall, “Treaties with Indigenous Peoples in Canada”, The Canadian Encyclopedia.
Jacqueline Hookimaw-Witt, “Keenebonanoh Keemoshominook Kaeshe Peemishikhik Odaskiwakh – (We Stand on the Graves of our Ancestors): Native Interpretations of Treaty #9 with Attawapiskat Elders,” Trent University M.A. thesis, 1997.
John S. Long. Treaty No. 9: Making the Agreement to Share the Land in Far Northern Ontario in 1905 (Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2010). (Available through the Archives of Ontario Library Collection)
Patrick Macklem, “The Impact of Treaty 9 on Natural Resource Development in Northern Ontario” in Michael Asch (editor), Aboriginal and Treaty Rights in Canada (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1997).
David MacMartin, “D.G. MacMartin’s 1905 Diary, Intergovernmental Conflict and Ontario’s Treaty 9 Role”, University of Calgary M.A. Thesis, 2015.
Jean L. Manore. Cross-Currents: Hydroelectricity and the Engineering of Northern Ontario (Waterloo: Wilfred Laurier University Press, 1999). (Available through the Archives of Ontario Library Collection)
J.R. Miller, “Compact, Contract, Covenant: Canada’s Treaty-Making Tradition”, 2007.
James Morrison, Treaty Research Report: Treaty No. 9 (1905-1906), 1986.
Shirlee Anne Smith, “Rupert’s Land”, The Canadian Encyclopedia.
Rhonda Telford, “The Sound of the Rustling of the Gold Is under My Feet Where I Stand – We Have a Rich Country: A History of Aboriginal Mineral Resources in Ontario,” University of Toronto Ph.D. thesis, 1996.